In this series, “No-Nonsense Paganism”, I have been striving to strip Paganism down, take away its ancient or faux-ancient terminology, its mythological and legendary pretensions, its foreign (to wherever you are) folk practices, its superstitious and pseudo-scientific justifications, and its esoteric ritual structures, and get down to the phenomenological core of pagan experience: our interaction with the earth and the other-than-human beings who we share it with. You can check out previous posts in this series here.

Autumn in Summer?

Today, many Pagans are celebrating Lughnasadh, also known as Lammas. Many call this day the “first harvest”. Mike Nichols begins his much-quoted article on Lammas this way: “Although in the heat of a Mid-western summer it might be difficult to discern, the festival of Lammas (Aug 1st) marks the end of summer and the beginning of fall.”  Have you ever wondered why it seems like nearly every description of a Pagan sabbats begins with a disclaimer like this, explaining why it’s not really the season that we are celebrating?

I live in the Midwest. Right now, as I write this, we are in the middle of a heatwave. We are approaching the height of summer, not the beginning of autumn. And the “harvest”—which in Indiana means corn and soybeans—won’t be for a while still.

So where does all this Lughnasadh autumn harvest talk come from? It’s not true for the Midwest, or for Cascadia, or for Paganistan, or for the Bay Area (which has multiple microclimates), or for any other place that I know of where there is a large Pagan population. Maybe it’s accurate for the British Isles, but the majority of Pagans live outside the U.K. Seriously, how long are we going to keep pretending that that we live in the same climate as Gerald Gardner did?

Trying to Make the Wheel Turn the Seasons

If I went to a public Pagan ritual this weekend, most likely someone would give a little homily about the meaning of the day. They would begin by explaining the meaning of the names “Lughnasadh” or “Lammas”, either etymologically or historically, and then explain how Lughnasadh is about sacrifice or some other harvest analogy. But the whole process is completely backwards. Instead of attuning ourselves to the actual cycles of nature, we end up trying to attune ourselves to an artificial cycle derived from a hodgepodge of Celtic lore and rural British customs. Rather than the seasons turning the Wheel of the Year, we are letting the Wheel turn the seasons. As a result, every explanation of a Pagan holiday has to begin with a disclaimer about why the holiday doesn’t match up with what our senses are actually telling us.

This is not just a question of flipping the Sabbats on their heads for those in the southern hemisphere. (It boggles my mind that anybody ever argued about that.) The fact is that the seasons vary from place to place. Some places don’t even have four season. There may be only two or three, or there may be five or six. Just check out this article by Peregrin Wildoak describing six seasons in Perth, Australia and you can see how ridiculous the traditional Celtic Wheel of the Year would be in that context—no matter which way you flip it.

When I lived in northeast Brazil (near the coast) for two years, I experienced living in a place that didn’t have the four seasons I was familiar with for the first time in my life. There were only two seasons: the hot and dry season, and the hot and wet season. The dry season ran roughly June through February, and the wet season ran roughly February through May. Even though Brazil is very Catholic, Christmas was virtually non-existent (at least compared to the U.S.). The big holidays were Carnival, in February or sometimes early March and the festivals of St. John the Baptist and St. Peter in June, which corresponds with the harvest in the Northeast. If I lived in Brazil, I would need a completely different Wheel of the Year and a completely different mythology to match it.

(Dis-)Connecting With Nature

It’s not just that our Pagan holidays are anachronistic. I think this is a symptom of a larger problem in Paganism. Standing indoors on February 2 in the Midwest and pretending it’s spring isn’t just wishful thinking. Every year we remark how silly it is, but we still do it. It reflects how we have lost touch with nature—which is doubly tragic for those of us who profess to practice an earth-centered religion.

Too often, it seems to me, our Pagan rituals are escapist. We try to impose a ideal order onto a messy nature. Rather than going outside and touching the very real earth and breathing the very real air, we gather inside, and stand with our backs to the world (literally and figuratively), imagining Platonic elements which bear little if any connection to the real elements. Rather than listening to the powers of the places where we live, the “gods” of here and now, we fascinate ourselves with deities from far away places and long ago times.

Too often I think our Pagan rituals are what Barbara Walker describes as a “retreat from a troublesome reality into a world of pure symbol.” “However difficult, uncontrollable or indifferent the external universe may seem,” writes Walker, “symbolism is manipulable and so provides at least the illusion of comfort.” The value of symbols is that we can use them to connect to the immensities of nature that may otherwise elude us. But when we use symbols to reduce our experience to a formula, the formula can end up supplanting the experience. Then the symbols become barriers, rather then vehicles, for connecting with nature.

Celebrating the Summer Thermistice

So this August 1st, I suggest we forget everything we have heard about Lughnasadh or Lammas. Instead of treading that well-worn path, let’s forget about Celtic myths from long ago and the agricultural customs of 18th century English peasants. Forget even the words “Lughnasadh” or “Lammas”. Instead, go outside. Look. Listen. Breathe in and breathe out. Bend down and touch the earth. And then ask what the world is telling you. Listen for what calls to you. Discover what needs to be celebrated and what needs to be mourned.

And if the season still speaks to you of harvest or sacrifice or making bread, then so be it. But if not, don’t force it. Maybe it speaks to you of the pregnant belly of the Mama or of a consuming fire. Maybe it speaks of passionate lovemaking or memories of sleeping under the stars. Maybe it speaks of parched grasses or of scorching sand and the cool waves of the ocean rolling onto the beach. Whatever calls to you, focus on that and create your own pagan holy day. And don’t worry about what to call it until you have figured out what it means first. Then, once you know why your celebrating, you can find an appropriate name and, if you like, an appropriate myth.

Or maybe this weekend isn’t even the right time. After all, the midpoint between the summer solstice and the autumn equinox (the thermistice) doesn’t fall on August 1st, but a week later on August 7th. Or maybe, rather than choosing the day arbitrarily, you should wait for a particularly scorching day to celebrate the thermistice, or wait for your tomatoes to ripen or your raspberry bushes to become heavy with fruit, or for some other sign from the world around you.

Looking to the Landscape

Emma Restall Orr writes, in Living Druidry, that the word “pagan” with a small “p” describes those who “look to the landscape, the environment, the ecology of a place, nature herself, for guidance in every aspect of their lives”. Thus, Orr writes, Pagans “listen more carefully, tread more softly, and celebrate with more exuberance.” This is not everyone’s definition. But if it resonates at all with us, then it behooves us to ask whether our high holy days reflect the pagan spirit which Orr describes. Are we really looking to the landscape? Are we really listening more closely? When we want to know the meaning of our holy days, do we look in a book or do we look to the wordless book of nature?

John Halstead is a native of the southern Laurentian bioregion and lives in Northwest Indiana, near Chicago. He is one of the founders of 350 Indiana-Calumet, which worked to organize resistance to the fossil fuel industry in the Region. John was the principal facilitator of “A Pagan Community Statement on the Environment”. He strives to live up to the challenge posed by the statement through his writing and activism.  John has written for numerous online platforms, including Patheos, Huffington Post, PrayWithYourFeet.org, Gods & Radicals, now A Beautiful Resistance. He is Editor-at-Large of HumanisticPaganism.com. John also edited the anthology, Godless Paganism: Voices of Non-Theistic Pagans. He is also a Shaper of the Earthseed community which can be found at GodisChange.org.